Text Case Converter

Text case formats: UPPERCASE: every letter capital Example: "HELLO WORLD" lowercase: every letter small Example: "hello world" Title Case: first letter of every word capital Example: "Hello World" Variation: AP/Chicago style lowercases short articles ("the", "an", "of") Example: "The Quick Brown Fox Jumps Over the Lazy Dog" Sentence case: first letter of sentence capital Example: "Hello world. Goodbye world." Programmer cases: camelCase: lowercase first word, capitalize subsequent words, no spaces Used in: JavaScript, Java, Swift, Kotlin Example: "hello world" → "helloWorld" Example: "first name" → "firstName" PascalCase (UpperCamelCase): capitalize all words, no spaces Used in: C#, Pascal, class names in many languages Example: "hello world" → "HelloWorld" snake_case: lowercase, words separated by underscores Used in: Python, Ruby, database column names, SQL Example: "hello world" → "hello_world" Example: "First Name" → "first_name" UPPER_SNAKE_CASE (CONSTANT_CASE / SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE): uppercase with underscores Used for: constants in many languages Example: "max value" → "MAX_VALUE" kebab-case: lowercase, words separated by hyphens Used in: URLs, CSS classes, HTML IDs, file names Example: "hello world" → "hello-world" Example: "User Profile" → "user-profile" dot.case: lowercase, words separated by dots Used in: domain names, file extensions, configuration keys Example: "hello world" → "hello.world" PATH/case: mixed separators for specific use cases Less common, but used in some configuration files Conversion logic: To camelCase: 1. Lowercase entire string 2. Split by spaces/separators 3. Keep first word lowercase 4. Capitalize first letter of subsequent words 5. Remove all spaces and separators To snake_case: 1. Lowercase entire string 2. Replace spaces with underscores 3. Handle compound words from PascalCase: insert underscore before each capital To kebab-case: 1. Lowercase entire string 2. Replace spaces with hyphens 3. Handle compound words from PascalCase: insert hyphen before each capital Title Case rules (style-dependent): APA Style (American Psychological Association): - Capitalize words of 4+ letters - Capitalize first/last words always - Lowercase shorter articles, prepositions, conjunctions - Example: "On the Effect of Sleep on Performance" MLA Style (Modern Language Association): - Similar to APA - Slight differences for hyphenated compounds Chicago Manual of Style: - Capitalize first/last word - Capitalize all major words (nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) - Lowercase articles (a, an, the), conjunctions (and, but, or), prepositions - Capitalize prepositions of 5+ letters in Chicago AP Style (Associated Press): - Capitalize words of 4+ letters - Used in journalism This calculator uses general Title Case (capitalize most words); for strict style guide compliance, manual review needed. Common conversion patterns: Heading to URL slug: "How to Calculate Mortgage Payments" → "how-to-calculate-mortgage-payments" (kebab-case) API endpoint to variable name: "/user/profile/photo" → "userProfilePhoto" (camelCase) Class name to file name: "UserProfileController.cs" → "user-profile-controller.cs" (kebab-case file) Database column to property: "user_first_name" → "userFirstName" (Java camelCase property) "user_first_name" → "UserFirstName" (C# PascalCase property) Special considerations: Acronyms in different cases: "URL parser" → camelCase: "urlParser" or "URLParser" (style debate) "HTML element" → "htmlElement" or "HtmlElement" Modern style guides increasingly prefer treating acronyms as words Initialisms vs. acronyms: Acronym: pronounced as word (NASA = "nasa") Initialism: spelled letter-by-letter (FBI = F.B.I.) May affect case treatment in formal writing Hyphenated words: "Wi-Fi" stays "Wi-Fi" in most cases (treated as compound) "self-driving" → Title Case: "Self-Driving" Unicode considerations: Non-Latin scripts (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) don't have case Letter case for Latin extended (accented characters) preserved during conversion Some characters have unique upper/lowercase pairs (German ß → SS in uppercase)